Facts of Pakistan by Syeda Taqdees Abbas

  Pakistan and Bangladesh relations from 1971-1999 Q. How successful were the relation between Pakistan and Bangladesh during 1947 to 1999. Successes: Bangladesh was a part of pakistan until december 1971. After creation of Bangladesh the prisoners of 1971 war were returned to Pakistan and trading also started with one another. In February 1974, however the primeminister of Bangladesh, Sheikh Mujeeb ur Rehman was invited to a meeting of the OIC ( Organization of Islamic Conference) in Lahore. This was a highly important in the realtions between the two countries. As for Bangladesh it was recognized for the first time officially. The two countries agreed to view each other as Muslim friends and try to resolve their differences. The 2 countries agreed to establish friendly relations. In 1975-76, both countries exchanged ambassadors and reached on agreement to co-operate on trade, tourism and media. Click Here Communication link and air services were started in 1976. Both the countries ag

 United Nations Organization Q. Explain about thelayout of United Nations and the role of Pakistan in it. A. The UNO was formed in 1945. It was established after the Second World War and was based on a United Nations Charter that had a number of aims. These include saving the world from a future war, ensure basic human rights, establish equal rights between large and small nations, ensure that countries respect international laws and obey treaties and to work for high standards and social progress.  The United Nations is mainly chaired by a Secretary-General who has a large number of officials from various countries to run the organization. The UNO has numerous committees and councils with different member countries. Firstly, the General Assembly consists of delegates from all member countries and this is where the general debates take place. The Security Council comprises five permanent members; USA, Britain, Russia, France and China and then non-permanent members that are elected by

 Pakistan UK Relations Q: How successful were Pakistan and UK relations during 1947 – 1999 ? Ans: Pakistan started its life independently from 1947 but it had a constant threat that the British might take them back as the economy mismanagement of the Radcliffe Award had already caused the death of many Pakistanis on the borders between India and Pakistan; many Pakistanis felt that if they would have been treated fairly at the time of Partition, there would not be much need of British financial and technical assistance. In the starting years, Pakistan became a member of Commonwealth which provided financial education and technical support for Pakistan.  In 1950, Colombo Plan was announced by Commonwealth to provide aid of one million pounds to Pakistan to establish the Sui gas project. Canada also provided four lack million dollars to help under the flag of Commonwealth for the development of Pakistan Railways. Pakistan was constantly seeking for the support of Commonwealth members abou

 Shah Wali Ullah (Importance ) Q. Explain the importance of religious services of Shah Walli Ullah. A. Religious services of Shah Walli Ullah are considered important because he worked hard for the spiritual and moral regeneration of Muslims. Muslims during this time were disunited and they were fallen into Hindu superstitions. Mughal government was ignorant and fallen in luxuries. Shah Wali ullah is important as he translated Qur’an into Persian and emphasized Muslims to live according to Quranic teachings. His effort showed a clear path of guidance to those Muslims who wanted to adopt the right path. It helped in moral uplift of Muslim community and their respect increased due to their good deeds adopted in the light of Quranic teaching. Now Muslims could not be misguided by non religious leaders. Muslims formed an excellent society, social respect of Muslims increased. Efforts of Shah Wali ullah also warned the mughal ruler to be careful in ruling the country but it was not much ben

 WAR OF INDEPENDENCE 1857 Explain the reasons of beginning of war of independence. The war of independence broke out in 1857 and ended up in 1858.The war was between British and Indians(including Hindus and Muslims).Tensions were built over years that led to the rebellion of Indian against their new rulers. After the British EIC took over the rule of subcontinent they made unjust laws for the local people. The local people were unhappy of British rule. It seemed that they wanted to establish master-slave relationship. They considered Indians as inferior.  There were many reasons led to War of Independence.  The main reason of war of independence was the refusal of sepoies to use the cartridges laced with cow and pig fat. The sepoies had to use the cartridges by opening or chewing the seal from their mouth. The majority of sepoies were Hindus and Muslims. The Muslims are not allowed to consume pig based products by their religion whereas, the Hindus are highly prohibited by their reli

 Government of India Act 1935 Explain about the importance government of India act 1935 for future of subcontinent ? 7 marks  The gove rnment of India act provided bases of agreed laws for subcontinent so that the misunderstanding of previous constitutional descions could be removed. The govt of India act 1935 mentioned about more seats for Indians in both upper and lower houses, seats of indians were almost doubled. This gave Indians a future say in the government . Due to this act many of Indian problems were adressed providing peace of mind to Indian public. Another benefit was that on bases of such law and order were provided to breathe and prosper upon. For these reasons act has great importance for future of subcontinent. The second important factor was that provincial autonomy was declared in refrence to majority  of communities in the provinces. It was  helpful to establish political status of congress and Muslim league in related Hindu and Muslim majority provinces. It led to

  Lahore Resolution 1940 Q . Why Lahore resolution 1940 is considered as important milestone for the establishment of Pakistan? A. Lahore resolution 1940 is taken as an important milestone in the history of Pakistan movement because it brought Muslims at one platform and under the flag of Muslim league and under one leadership, they became a united power with the same demand of a separate country and no other solution. As Muslims voted unofficially for Pakistan declaring their demand of an independent Muslim state in a very proper and peaceful manner within the legal framework of the country. It impressed the British government, and they were convinced that Muslims had reached at a right point and that Muslims knew how to present their click Here demands logically. So it was the chance to convince the British to get the decision made for Muslims. It was the first time so many Muslims gathered at one place. Who knew that Congress had always deceived them after taking votes from them. So

  Simla conference 1945 Q: Was the Simla conference of 1945 the most important factor during the 1940s?  A: Simla conference failure is considered an important factor for the establishment of Pakistan because it was the best chance for Indian Muslims to get their demands accepted by the British government. The six years of War left the British victorious but financially bankrupt. The new British government was desperate to concentrate on domestic problems. This was the time when power was to be transferred to the Indians. In this conference British government had to discuss the formation of the executive Council and the future and handover the idea of Indian seats in the executive council was accepted but Hindus were not ready to give equal seats to the Muslims. While the Quaid demanded that Muslim League Click Here must be given the right to nominate all Muslim members of the Council. No decision could be made but it was a clear indication for the British that when they would leave. B

 Round Table Conferences 1930 – 32 (Achievement) Q. Explain the reasons of importance of Round Table conferences for the political uplift of the Indians.  At that point of great misunderstandings nothing could be reached up to the decision that what kinds of laws were acceptable for all the politicians. In this way second and third round table conferences achieved very less success while first round table conference was beneficial for the Muslims of subcontinent as laws of Muslim’s choice were decided. To some extent these conferences considered successful apart from the political parties i.e. princely states agreed that their rulers would join the federal government in the first round table conference. Provincial autonomy according to the majority population in every province was also a success which provided same line of work to the British law makers in the first round table conference. Click Here Muslims were happy at the decision of NWFP and Sindh as independent provinces with gov

 Lucknow Pact 1916 Q. Why was Lucknow Pact signed between Muslims and Hindus in 1916? Ans. Lucknow Pact was signed in 1916 between Muslims and Hindus because it was the time of world war 1. British were busy in the war so it was the best time to push British out the country togather by joining these communities. British were forcibly sending Indian young men in the war which they didn't want to do as it was British war and not the Indians, when many young men were losing their lives or becoming disabled Indians felt that it was better to get rid of such British government by creating United pressure on them. Turkey was a Muslim country while British were fighting against them in this war, Muslims felt it unislamic to fight against Muslims while it was against Hindu religion to travel on ships and to outside India so both of them decided to disagree with British government and try to take control of their country in their own hands. These were the reasons to sign an agreement to joi

 Minto Morley Reforms Q. Explain the importance of Minto Morley Reforms 1909 for the Muslims of Sub Continent. Ans. A Morley Reforms were important for the Muslims of Sub Continent because those passed seperate electorate System, one third seats for Muslims in the law making council, share of high level jobs, share of the jobs of judges. Muslims had the hope to get their due share in the law making and politics of the country. These reforms provided a chance to the Indian Muslims to represent their community in a better way voice their demands on an approperiate forum.  Minto Morley Reforms provided one third seats to the Indian Muslims in the law making council and they could get the laws of their own choice accepted with more representation which was not possible if their seats were less. Now Muslims bacame hopeful that their religious and cultural values would also be taken care and represented while the making of new laws and they would not have to request Hindus for small rights t

  Separation of East and West Pakistan Q. Explain the reasons of separation of East and West Pakistan in 1971. There were several reasons of separation of east and West Pakistan. Most of those lay in the time of Ayub khan. He himself has written that there were majority people in West Pakistan who considered their culture to be the superior ones than east Pakistanis. This thing did not go unnoticed by Bengalis. Even the representation in the government was given less to them and more to west Pakistanis. Judiciary, civil service and army seats were also mostly in the hands of West Pakistanis. There all things caused resentment and negative sensation in east Pakistanis against west Pakistanis and they started raising the slogan to separate east and West Pakistan. Pakistan's most major export was jute which was mostly produced in East Pakistan. It was also blamed by east Pakistanis that whatever money or foreign exchange was earned in result of jute export was mostly spent on th

  Zia Ul Haq 1977 to 88 Q. Explain about the steps taken by Zia for Islamization in Pakistan. Do you think that these steps were taken to bring real Islam in Pakistan? These reforms tried to introduce Islam and evaluated the whole constitution 1973 in the light of Holy Quran and Sunnah by federal Shariat court. Most of the laws related to hudood ordinance were introduced without much explanation in the law so those could be misused for personal purposes. Female group in the society disliked the ways these rules were implemented. It was also mentioned by some cities that these were to take revenge from the political opponents such Pakistan Peoples Party for example Benazir Bhutto, Nusrat Bhutto etc. in control till his death. During Zia’s rule several laws were passed which restricted the power of courts. In March 1980, provincial constitutional order took away the right of the courts to challenge any political executive decision. This was the reason that court did not comment on

  Elections in the Subcontinent 1937 Q.Explain how did congress win the elections 1936-37. Also describe what Muslim League learnt from these election results?   The provincial elections held in 1937 had great influence in the history of sub-continent but their success can be divided into two parts. For the Congress and Hindus the elections were much successful while for Muslims it was unsuccessful time. Congress was able to win 9 seats in the whole of India. They could even collide with Punjab and NWFP which were Muslim majority provinces. Unionist party in Punjab and Red shirts in NWFP were the winning political parties which joined with Congress in collations of parties. It increased the power of Congress in overall country. It caused a big drawback on half of the Muslims especially in Punjab and Sindh. Muslim League did not have any say from the public and became a less popular party in the political scene of the subcontinent.   In result of these elections Muslims could see th

  Early Problems of Pakistan 1947 to 1948 Q. Explain the problems faced by Pakistani governments during 1947 and 1948? Ans.   Pakistan had to face a lot of problems. The important one of all the problems was the refugee crisis. Muslims were forcefully sent to Pakistan and also killed in the way; others fled from violence and often arrived in their new country with nothing at all. Nearly 20 million people were killed and there was no law and order. Muslims were forced to leave their houses Refugees camps were full of injured people who had lost their families in front of their eyes and they could say nothing. There was lack of food and there was less medicines also, people were weak and needed support. Another problem was that the country was divided into two separate parts; East Pakistan and West Pakistan. The vast difference between them meant that there were significant differences and outlook was also there, between the people of the two different regions. India discontinued t

  Time line Muslim League 1905 to 1947 1. Partition of Bengal 1905 2. Simla Deputation 1905 3. Establishment of Muslim League 1906 4. Minto Morley Reforms 1909 5. Cancellation of Partition of Bengal 1911 6. World War 1 1914 to 1918 7. Lucknow Pact 1916 8. Khilafat Movement, Hijrat Movement and Non- Cooperation Movement 1918 to 1922 9. Simon Commission 1927 10. All Parties Conference, Nehru Report 1928 11. Quaid I Azam Fourteen points 1929 12. Allama Iqbal Allahabad Address 1930 13. Round Table Conferences 1930 to 32 14. Govt. of India Act 1935 15. Elections 1935 to 36 16. Congress Ministries 1937 to 39 17. Day of Deliverance 1939, World War 2 1939 to 1945 18. Lahore Resolution 1940 19. Cripps Mission 1942 20. Simla Conference 1945 21. Cabinet Mission 1946 22. 3 rd June Plan 1947, Independence Act 1947, Radcliffe Award 1947 23. Early Problems of Pakistan 1947 to 55

  Nawaz Sharif as P.M 1990-93 Q:How successful was rule of Nawaz Sharif during 1990-93?                                                         Ans 2:  Nawaz Sharif became the Prime Minister of Pakistan in 1990. He introduced a series of reforms but had to face many problems that came along with. He was very keen in industrialization and thus introduced the National Capital Program. He also started the privatization of most industries nationalized under Z.A Bhutto. These included shipping, electricity supply, airlines and telecommunications which were opened up for the private sector. He also introduced several larger scale projects to stimulate the economy like Brotha Hydro Power Projects and the Gawadar Miniport in Balochistan. This helped to improve the country’s status. Nawaz Sharif started the project  of Motorway, building a fast transportation network, the first in South Asia, this allowed many countries access to sea port. But the cost estimated was around $ 989 000 000. Th

  Nawaz Sharif 1997-99 Q. Explain how successful was Nawaz Sharif's government during 1997 to 1999. Also write about the reasons of end of his rule in 1999.  During this era Nawaz got the highest mandate in elections and decided to end 8th amendment to strengthen his position as the prime Minister of the country. he also decided to take some bold steps when nuclear testing was done in Balochistan which had its positive and negative impacts. Public, National and international levels were convinced that Pakistan is one of the superpowers in their defuse department who had nuclear devices to protect themselves. Pakistanis were proud to have active nuclear weapons. But there were some negative aspects also e.g: Pakistan had to face sanctions imposed by USA and Japan. Pakistan’s imports and exports were badly hurt. When the government became bankrupt, Sharif’s government had to rise up the prices of the daily commodities inside the country. This reduced the popularity of the governmen

  Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto (Arrival) Q. Explain how was democracy established in Pakistan by Z. A. Bhutto in 1971?   Bhutto becomes in power in December 1971. He had got over whelming majority in the West Pakistan under the flag of Pakistan People Party (PPP). This was the time when East Pakistan was separated. Yahya Khan had resigned and Bhutto was the prime minister of the state of Pakistan with full authority. He decided to bring radical changes in the country and fulfill the dream of Roti, Kapra and Makkan for every Pakistani. To bring social and economic changes and provide human rights for middle and low class Bhutto introduced some reforms like industrial reforms, agricultural reforms, educational reforms, health and social reforms as well as administrative reforms. He adopted the policy of nationalization of the private institutions without giving any payment to the owners. Federal ministry of production took control of two major industrial units related to sugar, cotton, ve

  MONTAGUE CHELMSFORD REFORMS 1919 (BRITISH INTENTION)   Q : Why were montague chelmsford reforms of 1919 introduced. Why were Indians against Dyarchy system? ANS:-  For the establishment the of new lndian council. - To establish the British authority to control vast provincial network.   -Diarchy was rejected because it provided unlimited authority to the provisional governors.   -To give a feeling to the Indians that they are provided with more concessions as the payment of their participation in the world war 1. Bichemeral system, diarchy and Montague Chelmsford reforms were introduced in 1919 to give more concessions to the Indians e.g. more seats in the law making council, number of council seats for Indians were increased upto double, upper and lower house were created, states were also given the share in the govt. System of transferred and reserved subjects. Transfered subjects provided more seats to the public representative e.g. health, education, communication etc.

  CRIPPS MISSION 1942 Q: Why was the Cripps Mission felt to be unsatisfactory? Answer: Cripps Mission came to India in1942 .Cripps mission was felt unsatisfactory because both the Congress and Muslim League did not accept its proposals .The Mission came for British purposes, as during World War II they were in a difficult position. Congress leaders were pressing the British for the immediate transfer of power and self rule in India while Muslim league rejected it because there was no assurance of proper Muslim representation in the government, nor even anything about Pakistan. The proposals of Cripps mission were rejected because the transfer of power was promised ten years after the war while Indians wanted immediate transfer of power. Congress strongly objected to the proposals that all provinces could not be given the equal power to opt or leave Indian Union while the Muslim League rejected it because they wanted a separate homeland. There was no surety of Muslim representatio

  BHUTTO REFORMS   Q)Explain and evaluate the following steps taken by Zulfiqar Ali Bhotto (a)Agricultural reforms (b)Constitutional reforms1973 (c)Nationalization policy (d)foreign policy Ans. When Bhutto came into power after the separation of Bangladesh in Dec 1971 he wanted to control the army and limit its power in country’s policies. He appointed general Zia-Ul-Haq as chief of Army staff although he was junior. Agricultural and industrial reforms were not prominent. Under agricultural reforms the ceiling of land ownership produced after 150 acres of irrigated and 300 acres of non irrigated confiscated land was distributed free of cost among the landless farmers. These reforms also provided job security to the tenants and industrial workers but the landlords were too powerful and these reforms remained quite ineffective. When the landlords distributed these lands among their family members instead of giving to the government.   1973 constitution constitutional reforms incl