Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto 1971 to 1977 (Arrival) ( O Level Pakistan studies)

 

Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto (Arrival)

Q. Explain how was democracy established in Pakistan by Z. A. Bhutto in 1971?

 Bhutto becomes in power in December 1971. He had got over whelming majority in the West Pakistan under the flag of Pakistan People Party (PPP). This was the time when East Pakistan was separated. Yahya Khan had resigned and Bhutto was the prime minister of the state of Pakistan with full authority. He decided to bring radical changes in the country and fulfill the dream of Roti, Kapra and Makkan for every Pakistani.

To bring social and economic changes and provide human rights for middle and low class Bhutto introduced some reforms like industrial reforms, agricultural reforms, educational reforms, health and social reforms as well as administrative reforms. He adopted the policy of nationalization of the private institutions without giving any payment to the owners.

Federal ministry of production took control of two major industrial units related to sugar, cotton, vegetable, oil, and rice. The purpose was to channelize the investments and raise the living and working standard of the workers. Same way worker unions were also set up., wealth fund was created to help other projects. Capable factory owner were replaced with civil servants with little understanding of commerce. System of nationalization was facing confusion much time due to the interference of bureaucracy. World market was also facing recession in those days. When many goods demands reduced small private companies had to close. Overall it was not a good step to increase and strengthen industries but it had some success like protection of workers’ rights and reduced inflation.                  

Bhutto was elected in 1971 election mostly by poor farmers who were crushed by landlord. This was the reason Bhutto introduced Agricultural reforms which were focused to provide land ownership to the tenants and also job security. Bhutto believed in smaller but modern and efficient farms. He cut down the farm land limited up to 250 acres (irrigated) and 500 acres (un irrigated). Tenants were given the first right to purchase the land of farms. Farmers started dreaming of better economic status and job security. There reformers were short lived because cunning land lords anticipated Bhutto’s reforms. Land lords transferred many lands in the name of their extended family and showed less land in their own name and did not give that to the government.                                                                                         

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