MONTAGUE CHELMSFORD REFORMS 1919 (BRITISH INTENTION) ( O Level Pakistan studies)

 

MONTAGUE CHELMSFORD REFORMS 1919 (BRITISH INTENTION)

 Q : Why were montague chelmsford reforms of 1919 introduced. Why were Indians against Dyarchy system?

ANS:- For the establishment the of new lndian council.

- To establish the British authority to control vast provincial network.

 -Diarchy was rejected because it provided unlimited authority to the provisional governors.

 -To give a feeling to the Indians that they are provided with more concessions as the payment of their participation in the world war 1.

Bichemeral system, diarchy and Montague Chelmsford reforms were introduced in 1919 to give more concessions to the Indians e.g. more seats in the law making council, number of council seats for Indians were increased upto double, upper and lower house were created, states were also given the share in the govt. System of transferred and reserved subjects. Transfered subjects provided more seats to the public representative e.g. health, education, communication etc. British provided more seats to the public to prove that they were more sympathetic. In this manner, they wished to take public support especially after the time of end of the First World War.

British wanted to control the provinces indirectly from deep inside providing govt to the public but controlling them by governors. Institutions given to the public representatives enabled to govt to rule easily and directly. To question the representatives about the developmental works British had not to answer directly to the public about the (public affairs). They could be relieved from the inside tensions of the country and could keep a firm control of the major resources like currency, defense, revenue etc. with the help of reserved subjects. That is why they introduced these reforms.

   Indians rejected the system of diarchy introduced by  these reforms because they thought that unlimited authority was given to governors in the provinces. Indian representatives thought it a very though check on them and they had to work to please the governors instead of working for their voters. In this way congress and Muslim league both rejected the diarchy system. Mantague Chelmsford reforms were still better as British had fulfilled their promise and increase the ratio of representatives for Indians.

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