Indus plains

 Characteristics of Old Flood Plain

-10-15m height 

-3-5miles width 

-flooded every 7/8 years

-old alluvium Aka Bhangar (local) 

-sub features 

Natural Levees

French word meaning “Raised”. Found near river banks. Made up of river material 

deposited during flood season.

Meanders 

twisting and turning course of rivers. Usually found in middle and lower course of river.

Oxbow lake

crescent shaped lake. Formed by separation of loop from the main meandering course 

of river.

Braided channels

Deposition of river material within the river channel shapes Bars/mounds.

Dry channels

come out from main river. Have water during flood season. 

Abandoned channel

Aka “Dhoros” (local). Remains of river channels/ dried out river channels( used for 

inland fishing). 

remains of ox-bow lakes

dried out ox-bow lakes 

Meander scars

Dried out meandering course of river. 

Piedmont Plain

-Located on the foothills of mountains. Sub-feature is alluvial cone/fan 

Alluvial fan

fan shaped/cone shaped deposit of gravel, sand and other small material on the 

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Short Question Answers Section 1 & 2 ( O Level Pakistan studies)

 Short Questions and Answers Q: What was Arya Samaj and swaraj?  A: Arya Samaj were a group of Hindus founded in 1877. It had strongholds in western and northern India. It aimed to purify Hindus from the impure practices they had fallen into. It was founded by Dayanand Saraswati, who hoped to revert Hindus who had converted to Christianity. It spread educational and social reforms as well as carrying out militant activities, which strained Hindu- Muslim relations. Swaraj was a policy of the Indian National Congress. It was promoted especially during the Non-Cooperation Movement. They wanted self-rule in India; it stated that India could be ruled by Indians and the British should leave. Q: What was Wardha Scheme? A: The ‘Wardha scheme’ was an education scheme based on the views of Mahatama Gandhi during the Congress Ministries 1937-1939. It was introduced in all nine provinces under Congress rule (UP, CP, Bihar, Orissa, Madras, Bombay, Assam and the NWFP). Under this policy teaching was
Read more

History Syllabus Contents

  Section 1  1. Decline of Mughal Rule 7 2. British Govt Replacing EIC 13 3. 1857 – war of Independence 23 4. Reformers 31 5. Sir Syed Ahmed Khan 42 6. Languages 49 Section 2 (1900 - 1947) 7. Partition of Bengal 58 8. Foundation of Muslim League 65 9. Morley Minto Reforms 69 10. World war 1 71 11. Lucknow Pact 73 12. Mont – Ford Reforms 75 13. Khilafat Movement 82 14. Simon Commission 89 15. Nehru Report 92 16. Jinnah’s 14 Points 96 17. Round Table Conferences 99 18. Govt of India 1935 Act. 103 19. 1937 Elections 108 20. Indian National Congress Rule 110 21. Allama Iqbal & Ch. Rehmat Ali 116 22. Pakistan / Lahore Resolution 121 23. WW2 124 24. Quit India Movement 126 25. Gandhi, Jinnah Talks 128 26. Simla Conference 131 27. 1945 Elections 136 28. Cabinet Mission Plan 138 Section 3 (1947 - 1999) 29. Problems of Partition 145 30. Kh Nazam ud Din, M G M, Iskandar Mirza 153 31. Ayub Khan 162 32. Separation of E-Pakistan 171 33. Z.A Bhutto 178 34. Zia – ul – Haq 188 35. Benazir Bhutto 1
Read more

Syed Ahmed Shaheed Barelvi and Jihad Movement

Syed Ahmed Shaheed Barelvi and Jihad Movement Q. Explain the reasons why did Syed Ahmed Shaheed start Jehad movement in Punjab and NWFP? Beginning of the movement Syed Ahmad Shaheed Barelvi started jihad movement to develop the true sense of Islam and jihad in the Muslims of Punjab and NWFP. Same way he believed that Sikh government of Ranjit Singh in Punjab was constantly forcing Muslims to change the religion and to become Sikh it could be countered only in case if Muslims themselves would become strong in Jihad against Ranjit Singh. He trained Punjabi Muslims to fight against the Sikh government with weapons discipline. He developed the source of Jihad in Muslims. He convinced the Muslims that they must depend upon themselves to fight against the Rising non-muslims power. Under his leadership a force of 80000 Muslims was most successful to fight against Sikh region of Ranjit Singh. Syed Ahmed Shaheed had the idea that Muslims of subcontinent must not depend upon the foreign forces l
Read more